Wildlife

Green Turtle

Chelonia mydas
Green Sea Turtle

Description

28-60 1/4" (71-153 cm). Ocean-dwelling, with paddlelike limbs. Carapace broad and oval-shaped, unkeeled; olive to dark brown and may have mottled or radiating pattern; 4 costal scutes, 1st not touching nuchal; 4 scutes on bridge. Plastron white or yellowish. Pair of prefrontal scales between eyes. Young have vertebral keel and pair of keels on plastron; flippers are edged in white. Male's tail is tipped with a flattened nail and extends well beyond shell.

Endangered Status

The Green Turtle is on the U.S. Endangered Species List. Breeding colony populations in Florida and on the Pacific coast of Mexico are classified as endangered. The Green Turtle is classified as threatened in all other parts of its range (Alabama, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, New York, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and Washington). Because its feeding and nesting grounds are well known and unchanging, this sea turtle is extremely vulnerable to human predation. Products derived from it - gourmet meat, flipper leather, cosmetic and cooking oils, and "turtle soup" calipee - are still in demand worldwide, although international trade of these products is now illegal.

Subspecies

Atlantic (C. m. mydas), carapace brown and not noticeably indented above hind limbs; warm waters of the Atlantic, occasionally reaching New England.
Pacific (C. m. agassizi), carapace darker and indented above hind limbs; warm waters of Indo-Pacific oceans, reaches s. California.

Breeding

Nests in small numbers along se. coast of Florida. Females nest every 2-4 years, 1-8 times a season. At night they crawl onto the beach, dig an urn-shaped nest hole, and lay about 100 spherical eggs, the size of golf balls, which hatch in about 2 months. Sexual maturity takes 20-30 years.

Habitat

Shallow waters with abundant aquatic plants, and open seas during migrations.

Range

Warm waters of Atlantic and Pacific.

Discussion

 Hatchlings spend a "lost" year at sea; they drift with large floating mats of seaweed, feeding on small invertebrates and plants carried by the currents to no one knows where. A year later they reappear in shallow waters, where they graze on turtle grass and other marine plants until reaching maturity. With pinpoint accuracy they then return to the beaches where they hatched, having traveled perhaps 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from their pastures. In times past the Green Turtle provided fresh meat for seafarers. Today, its flesh and eggs are an important protein source for impoverished peoples in the tropics.