Cottonmouth
Agkistrodon piscivorus
Water Moccasin
Description
20-74 1/2" (50.8-189.2 cm). A dark, heavy-bodied water snake; broad-based head is noticeably wider than neck. Olive, brown, or black above; patternless or with serrated-edged dark crossbands. Wide light-bordered, dark-brown cheek stripe distinct, obscure, or absent. Head flat-topped; eyes with vertical pupils (not visible from directly above as are eyes of harmless water snakes); facial pit between eye and nostril. Young strongly patterned and bear bright yellow tipped tails. Scale keeled, in 25 rows.
Warning
Do not disturb or attempt to handle! The Cottonmouth's bite is far more serious than that of the Copperhead and can be fatal. When annoyed, the Cottonmouth tends to stand its ground and may gape repeatedly at an intruder, exposing the light "cotton" lining of its mouth. Cottonmouths, Copperheads, and rattlesnakes belong to the pit viper family (Viperidae). These dangerous snakes have a heat-sensitive sensory organ on each side of
the head that enables them to locate warm-blooded prey and strike
accurately, even in the dark. The curved, hollow fangs are normally
folded back along the jaw. When a pit viper strikes, the fangs
rapidly swing forward and fill with venom as the mouth opens. The
venom is a complex mixture of proteins that acts primarily on a
victim's blood tissue. If you hear a rattlesnake shaking its rattle,
back away. The snake is issuing a warning, and if the warning is
ignored it may bite. Pit vipers are never safe to handle. Even dead
ones can retain some neurological reflexes, and "road kills" have
been known to bite. How to avoid and treat snakebites
Subspecies
Three; broad zones of intergradation.Eastern (A. p. piscivorus), cheek stripe not well defined, snout tip lacks vertical markings; coastal plain, se. Virginia south through Carolinas, west through c. Georgia into Alabama.
Florida (A. p. conanti), cheek stripe distinct, 2 vertical dark marks on snout tip; se. Alabama, s. Georgia, Florida.
Western (A. p. leucostoma); head and body markings obscure or absent; sw. Kentucky, w. Tennessee, and w. Alabama, west through s. Missouri to sc. Oklahoma and c. Texas.